Here is one approach.

import os
import math

nfigs = 20
HOME = os.getenv('HOME')
pathdir = os.path.join(HOME, 'test')
if not os.path.exists(pathdir):
    os.mkdir(pathdir)

canvas_height, canvas_width = 500, 500
cx, cy = canvas_height / 2, canvas_width / 2
r1, r2 = 200, 20

# A list of angles to rotate the small red circle through:
alphas = [2*math.pi / nfigs * n for n in range(nfigs)]

for n, alpha in enumerate(alphas):
    filename = os.path.join(pathdir, f'fig{n:02d}.svg')
    with open(filename, 'w') as fo:
        # SVG preamble
        print("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
                 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
                      width="{}" height="{}" style="background: {}">""".format(
                        canvas_width, canvas_height, '#ffffff'), file=fo)

        # Large, open black circle
        print(f'<circle cx="{cx}" cy="{cy}" r="{r1}" style="stroke: black;'
              f' stroke-width: 2px; fill: none;"/>', file=fo)

        # Small, filled red circle on the inner rim of the black one,
        # displaced from the x-axis by the angle alpha
        cx2, cy2 = cx+(r1-r2) * math.cos(alpha), cy+(r1-r2) * math.sin(alpha)
        print(f'<circle cx="{cx2}" cy="{cy2}" r="{r2}" style="stroke: red; fill: red;"/>',
                                file=fo)

        print('</svg>', file=fo)

Running these files through ImageMagick's convert program as suggested generates the animated GIF below.